Improvement in apparatus for forging and crushing iron



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ROBERT MORRISON, OF NEVVOAS'TLE, ENGLAND.

IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS FOR FORGING AND CRUSHING IRON.

Speciication forming part of Letters Patent No. 34,587, dated March 4, 1862 patented in England August 16, 1853.

,To all whom it may concern:

Kingdom of Great Britain; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the iigures and letters of reference marked thereon.

The object of my invention is to arrange mechanism of the steam-hammer class so that it may work much more effectively than at present, while the wear and tear are greatly reduced. Instead of the existing hammer-block, piston, and piston-rod commonly used in forgehammers, a cylindrical bar of metalis used. This forms the acting hammer, and on it are formed the piston and guides for the hammer movement.

The steam-cylinder is carried in standards resembling those of the present construction, and the cylindrical hammer-bar works through long stuffing boxes at the top and bottom of the cylinder. For puddling purposes the stan dards need not be continued higher up than the level of the top of the steam-cylinder; butfor general forging these standards are carried considerably higher up, and a deep T-piece formed on the upper end of the hammer-bar, which, being provided with longitudinal slides on its opposite sides, fitted into corresponding slides in the standards, mayserve as additional guides for the hammer-stroke. In this way,

. the piston, rod, and hammer being all in one solid mass, the tool will work with far less repair and delay than the common hammers; and, the cylinder being firmly bolted between the two standards of the framing at the junction of the arch immediately above the anvil, it forms a strong stay, securing the frames in their proper position; and in order that my said invention may be fully understood, I will now proceed more particularly to describe its construction and operation, referring to the drawing, forming part of this specification, in which the same letters of reference allude to similar parts throughout the several views, and in which-m rmer-bar in position; and Fig. 6 is aplan of the frame-top.

The main frame consists of the two vertical standards A, bolteddown at their bottom eX- panded ends to the foundation-plate B, embracing the anvil-block. The upper ends of these frame-pieces are prolonged above the steam-cylinder, and are iirmlybound together by a stay, C, bolted between the standards.

The steam-cylin der D is cast with longitudinal iianges E, and bolted between the two frames by rows of bolts passing throughl corresponding ilanges in each frame-piece, the lower end of the cylinder being iiush with the crown of the arch formed by the frames above the anvil-block. The upper-end cover, F, of the cylinder andits stuffing-box are made in two halves, the deep-bottom stuffing-box G being solid and cast with the cylinder to form the lower-end cover. The hammer-bar or piston-rod His, in this instance, supposed to be of wrought-iron, with the working piston I forged upon it at its longitudinal center, a ring-groove being turned out of the piston to receive a single packing-ring. The upper T-head, J, is also formed in one piece with the bar,.the two ends K of the cross-piece being planed out to act as steadying-guides by embracing the two parallel vertical slides L. The piston-rod is thus extremely well guided throughout its stroke.

In putting the piston-rod in its place, its lower end is passed down into the cylinder from above and through -the bottom stuingbox until the piston itself is fairly inside the cylinder. The upper divided cylinder-cover, F, is then put on the cylinder above the piston, and the two halves are bolted together, and finally bolted down upon the cylinder, in the usual manner. Both the upper and lower stuffing-boXes are then packed and screwed up steam-tight, and, the steam-valves and gearing being adjusted, the hammer is ready for working use, the hammer-face O being keyed on after the bar H emerges through thev bottom stuffing-box.

Another modification ot my improved steamhammer consists in casting the steam-cylinder with longitudinal tlanges, set to one side,

and bolting it over the space between the two frames by two rows of bolts passing through each frame edge, whereby the steam-cylinder is placed in front of the standards. In steamhammers of this class, intended exclusively for puddling, the framing-standards need not be carried up higher than the level ofy the top of the steam-cylinder; but for general forging work I prefer to prolong them in the manner which I have illustrated herein.

With the working piston, piston-rod, and hammer in one solid piece, the liabilityto fracture and derangement,of the details isvery much diminish ed, while the hammeringblows are Yof superior solidity and effect; andthe bolting of the steam-cylinder between the framefstand'ards at t-he junction of the arch immediately above the anvil or working level provides a most powerful stay for tying the frames well together and preventing all lateral springing; hence the hammer-face is most accurately directed down upon its work, and shoulders, collars, and other projections cany be hammered down with certainty to their intended size and form by means of the side of the hammer. The position of the steam-cylinder in front of the standards is also of great importance in my arrangement, as when the `hammer is actuallybetween the frame-pieces the mass of material under the hammer must be angled before it can be swaged, and if it cannot be angled the operating workman m ust necessarily stand between the frame-pieces, While with my other plan the hammer is quite clear of the framing, so that the forge-man can swage, shape, or cut any work he may have under the hammer without the necessity of standing at all beneath the framing-arch.

Having thus described the nature of my invention, and the manner in which the same may be used, I desire to be understood that, except as hereinafter expressly mentioned, I do not claim any of the parts or elements of which my said apparatus is composed separate or apart from the combination or application ithereof, in the manner and for the purpose herein described, as being of my invention;

. but,

What, with respect to the arrangement and construction of apparatus for forging, shaping, and crushing iron and other materials, as hereinbefore described, I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,

1. The system or mode of constructing such apparatus with the piston, piston-rod, or hammer-bar and guides in one solid mass.

2. A hammer-bar for steam-hammers constructed substantially as described, and arranged in relation to other parts of the apparatus, so as to dispense withthe use of guides below the. cylinder.`

3. Interposin-g the cylinder between the framing-standards of apparatus for forging, shaping, and crushing iron, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

RoBr. MORRISON. 

